Dementia can be a challenging disease, both for those who experience it and for their families. Often it is family members who are first to notice the signs of cognitive decline. While their loved one may also notice it, those experiencing symptoms can be the last to acknowledge that their challenges are the result of something beyond aging.

If you notice signs that a loved one may be developing dementia—such as memory loss, confusion, difficulty with daily tasks, or changes in behaviour—it’s important to take proactive steps to help them get diagnosed. Early diagnosis can lead to better management of symptoms and improve their quality of life. That said, it can be a challenge to help someone showing signs of Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia feel comfortable taking action.

 Here’s what you can do if you suspect someone is showing signs of dementia:

1. Observe and Document Symptoms

Before approaching the individual, take time to observe their behavior closely. Keep track of specific symptoms, such as forgetfulness, confusion about time or place, difficulty finding the right words, or changes in mood and personality. Document these observations over a few weeks. This will help provide concrete examples of behavior changes when discussing the issue with medical professionals.

2. Start the Conversation Gently

Talking about dementia can be difficult, especially if the person is not yet aware of their symptoms. Approach the conversation with empathy and compassion. Avoid using labels like “dementia” right away; instead, express concern over the changes you’ve noticed. For example, you might say, “I’ve noticed that you’ve been forgetting things lately, and I’m worried about you. I think it would be helpful to speak with a doctor to understand what’s going on.” Encourage them to share their feelings and thoughts and reassure them that seeking help is a positive step.

3. Encourage a Doctor’s Appointment

Suggest that they visit their primary care doctor for a general check-up. Frame it as a way to rule out other medical conditions that could be causing their symptoms. Many issues, such as vitamin deficiencies, thyroid problems, or infections, can mimic the early signs of dementia. A thorough evaluation can help clarify the cause of the symptoms. Offer to help schedule the appointment and accompany them if necessary.

4. Seek a Specialist

If the primary care doctor’s evaluation suggests potential cognitive issues, the next step is often a referral to a specialist. Neurologists, geriatricians, or psychiatrists with experience in cognitive disorders are best suited to perform more in-depth assessments. They may recommend a battery of tests, including cognitive exams, brain imaging, or blood tests, to diagnose dementia and identify its type.

5. Be Supportive Throughout the Process

The diagnostic process may take time, and it can be emotionally challenging for both the individual and their family members. Be patient and offer your full support. Stay involved by accompanying your loved one to appointments, helping them recall symptoms they might forget, and ensuring they have all the necessary information.

6. Consider a Second Opinion

If you’re unsure about the diagnosis or feel that the medical professional hasn’t fully addressed your concerns, don’t hesitate to seek a second opinion. Dementia can be complex, and early signs may overlap with other conditions. Getting a second opinion ensures the diagnosis is accurate and thorough.

7. Understand the Importance of Early Diagnosis

An early dementia diagnosis opens the door to treatments that can slow disease progression, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. It also allows time for legal and financial planning, as well as adjustments to lifestyle that can help both the person with dementia and their caregivers.

If Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia is the diagnosis, it’s not the end. People can still live very satisfying and meaningful lives well beyond diagnosis. Programs for people living with dementia in Ottawa like Carefor’s Carling and Perley Adult Day Programs, the Respite House and Carefor’s Richmond Care Home, a retirement home for women living with dementia can help.